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In the international level, Thai women data from Human Development Report 2006 indicates that there are vary degrees of gender equality among international countries and top ten ASEAN countries. |
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The International comparison on HDI, Thailand is ranked 74th out of 177 countries in the HDI. Amongst the ASEAN countries, Thailand is ranked 4st out of 10 ASEAN countries in HDI. |
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The International comparison on GDI, Thailand is ranked 58th out of the 136 countries. Amongst the ASEAN countries, Thailand is ranked 2nd out of 7 ASEAN countries in GDI. |
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The International comparison on GEM, Thailand is ranked 60th out of the 75 countries. Amongst the ASEAN countries, Thailand is ranked 4th out of 5 ASEAN countries in GEM. |
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The following table is an international top ten countries comparison on HDI as taken from the "Human Development Report 2006" produced by the United Nations Development Program. |
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International Rank on HDI, GDI and GEM in ASEAN Countries |
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Country |
HDI rank |
GDI rank |
GEM rank |
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Singapore |
25 |
- |
18 |
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Brunei Darussalam |
34 |
- |
- |
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Malaysia |
61 |
51 |
55 |
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Thailand |
74 |
58 |
60 |
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Philippines |
84 |
66 |
45 |
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Indonesia |
108 |
81 |
- |
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Vietnam |
109 |
80 |
- |
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Cambodia |
129 |
97 |
68 |
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Myanmar |
130 |
- |
- |
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Lao People's Dem |
133 |
100 |
- |
| Source: United Nations Development Programme |
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Population |
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In 2006,women account for 50.65 percent of the total population (31.82 million). The majority of them are fertile women and children at 47 percent and 21 percent respectively. |
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Health |
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Women’s life expectancy in 2005 is 75.36 years, about seven years more than men’s. |
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Maternal mortality rate per 100,000 live births decline from 16.4% in 1996 to 11.7% in 2006. |
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Women are victims to AIDS at a faster rate than men are. From 1984 to 1998 they represented only one - fifth of the total number of AIDS patients. Today they constitute one-quarter of the total number of AIDS patients (26 %). |
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Education |
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Literacy rate between women and men are quite the same. In 2003 the percentage of female and male population aged 15 who were literate was 91.5 and 95.6; aged 15- 24 who were literate was 97.9 and 98.2; aged 40 up who were literate was 85.2 and 92.7. |
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Thai women are more likely to go for further study in higher education. In 2003 there were 51.75 % of women who finished in Master degree and 53.40 finished in Ph.D. |
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In vocational education, women are more likely to select subjects related to their traditional roles services sectors, e.g. home economics (91.52%), business and commercial technology (88.78%) and tourism industry (84.62%), while most men choose industrial (67.56%) and agricultural subjects (67.56%) . |
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Political and Social Participation |
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Since 1932, Thai women have been given equal voting rights with men. |
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Women in Member of Parliament (MP) increased from 5.6% (22 MPs) in the year 1996 to 11.34% (55 MPs) in the year 2006. |
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Female Senator rise from 10.5 % (21 persons) in 2000 to 23.5% (47 persons) in 2006. |
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Women’s participation in local level still in the low rate. |
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Female members of councils of Tambon Administration are 11.24% in 2006. |
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Female members of Provincial Administration are 9.56% in 2006. |
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The proportion of females in local administration levels is very small and has increased in 10 years, from less than 1 percent in 1986 to 2.3 percent for village heads and 2.6 percent for sub-district heads in 2006. |
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The number of female senators almost doubled between 1990 and 2000 - from 11 to 20 – but the proportion still remains low at just 10 percent of the total. |
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Women outnumber men among civil servants, but the majority is in the lower ranks. In 2001, women constituted 62.4 percent of the bottom five levels (C1-C5), however in the top three levels the figure drops dramatically, 16.5 percent of women in C9, 12.12% in C10 and only 8 % in C 11. |
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In 2006, women in executive position increase from 17.8% in 1995 to 21.85 % in 2006. |
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The first women were appointed as the permanent secretary for the Office of the Prime Minister (the highest non-political position) in 1998. |
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Female executive members of the board of committee, vice presidents and presidents are only 12.65%. |
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Economic participation |
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• In 2006, there are 65.1 % of women participated in labor force. |
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• In 2006, the proportion of employed women is less than men except in Manufacturing (54.3%), Hotel & Restaurant (61.8%) and Education (59.3%). |
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• Women are employed in government sector 44.67%, private sector 43.24%. |
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• 43.94% of women are the employer in agriculture and non-agriculture. |
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• 37.71% of women own their business. |
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• Women still in work as unpaid worker (64.39%). |
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Women and Family |
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• Female household head increase from 25.7% in 2001 to 28.3% in 2005. |
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• There have been growing concerns about the problem of domestic violence and the recognition that women are subject to domestic violence, including husband's irresponsibility for their families, infidelity and multiple marriage registration. |
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• The reported raped cases increased from 4,020 cases in 2000 to 5,041 in 2004. |
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• The means of number of women and children in domestic violence who were in charge of The One Stop Crisis Center increase from 19 persons in 2004 to 32 persons in 2005 and 39 persons in 2006. |
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• More elderly women are left alone because women live longer than men do. |
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There were 618 female widows who are affected from the violence situation in the south of Thailand.
(http://www.socialwarning.m-society.go.th/socwarn/data/views.php?recordID=2094) |
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